Since there is a separate discussion section. It seems to me that only data should be included in the results section. The writer could also include a brief statement that generalizes the data.

Asian Institute of Language Technology Center. (2003). Writing up Research Results. Retrieved April 1, 2010, from http://www.languages.ait.ac.th/el21res.htm

Discussion

This section is for interpreting findings of the research. Talk about what the data collected means in terms of the hypotheses. Mention if the information is or isn’t consistent with previous research on the topic.

Bates College Department of Biology. (2008). The Structure, Format, Content a d Style of a Journal-Style Scientific Paper. Retrieved April 1, 2010, from http://www.abacus.bates.edu/~granderso/biology/resources/writing/htwsections.html#discussion

Conclusions

This section should end the paper and explain to the reader what this study means. Summarize the paper and explain what the outcome and its relevance.

North Carolina at Chapel Hill Writing Center. (2007). Conclusions. Retrieved April 1, 2010, from http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/conclusion.html

Results

The web site made by Rice University states that the results section of the research paper is used for displaying the findings of the experiment. Only data from the research should be in this section. organize data and show the reader the most important findings. This section of the paper should be written in past tense.

Caprette, David R. (2005, May). Writing a Research Paper. Retrieved April 5, 2010, from http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/tools/report/reportform.html.#results

Discussion

This section is to explain results in terms of the author’s hypotheses. The author must explain why the findings are significant (Caprette, 2005). The results will agree or disagree with the hypotheses. The author needs to explain why either outcome may have happened. At the end, mention how this research can be improved upon.

Caprette, David R. (2005, May). Writing a Research Paper. Retrieved April 5, 2010, from http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/tools/report/reportform.html.#discussion

Conclusion

The conclusion section should summarize the entire paper and highlight the most important points.

How to Write Term Papers .com. (2006). How to Write Conclusion Term Papers. Retrieved April 5, 2010, from http://www.howtowritetermpapers.com/conclusion.htm

Lit Review

North Carolina A&T State tells the reader that a literature review summarizes knowledge of the research topic (para. 1). The researcher should also identify if the information gathered is agreed upon and what about the research is debated. Also make note of the authors’ methodologies and decide which one is most effective. The lit review seems like it gives the author authority in his own paper. It establishes him as an expert on the research.

North Carolina A&T State F.D. Bluford Library. (2003). How to do a Literature Review? Retrieved March 4, 2010, from http://www.library.ncat.edu/ref/guides/literaturereview03.htm

The Writing Center of North Carolina at Chapel Hill tells the reader that a literature review is both summary and synthesis of published information about a research topic (para. 5). This means that the researcher must summarize previous knowledge and then use it in the context of his own paper. He must use his own thinking and methodology to fill in gaps and to add to what is already known. Lit reviews add to the researcher’s knowledge and keep him up-to-date on his topic.

The North Carolina at Chapel Hill Writing Center. (2007). Literature Reviews. Retrieved March 4, 2010, from http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/literature_review.html

1) The author is introducing the audience to the first of its kind study.

2) Tells the reader that the study is on gender differences and territoriality. They are using video games as a method of studying.

3) Explains rules of the game in the study. Has to do with gaining and losing territory.

4) Who and how of study. 11 men and 11 women are studied, while playing the game, with a MRI.

5) Explained experiment. Men and women were not told exact rules. Both figured out rules to game. Men seemed more driven to gain more territory in the game.

6)  Explained some findings. Part of men’s brains associated with reward and addiction showed more reaction than their female counterparts.

7) Conclusion of study. Explains Reis’s thoughts that men are more territorial than women. Also men are more easily addicted to video games and feel rewarded by succeeding in the game.

I don’t think there is a lit review for this article. It is a primary source because the research is the first of its kind. To hook the readers, the article begins by mentioning “your life.” It is making the subject seem common. It also mentions how the study is ground breaking. Then it briefly mentions the results which entices the reader to venture on and find out how the conclusion was reached.

• The objective was to understand gender differences and territoriality by means of video game play. Para (2)
• The importance is they are showing physiological proof that men feel more stimulated by the game than the women. Para (6)
• The question is “what is the correlation between gender and territoriality?” Para(2)
• The research group carried out an experiment to gather information and to make conclusion. Paras (3,4,&5)
• The results were the men had more stimulation of the part of the brain associated with reward and addiction. Para (6).
• The conclusion was that man are more territorial than women. Also they are more likely to become addicted to video games. Para (7).

Women, Video Games, and Learning: Beyond Stereotypes

1) Introduction. Identifying the gender gap in video gaming. Women play less video games than men, especially the more popular games.

2) Creating a link between video game play and establishing interest in technological fields of study.

3) Establishes goal of paper. Talk about assumptions about female gamers and attempts to understand their feelings toward gaming.

4) Problems with understanding gender differences and video games based on what games the genders are drawn to.

5) Problems with understanding gender differences and video games based on gender stereotypes, such as women do not like violence or direct competition.

6) Problems with understanding gender differences and video games based on ignoring diversity inside of the specific genders.

7) Author describes belief that exploring gender traits is best way for understanding gaming tendencies.

Gives preview for remainder of article.

9) Introduces study on two women playing a video game.

10) Describes game in terms of it being a role paying game.

11) Lists some gender differences as it pertains to gaming. Gives her own understanding of those same differences.

12) Theorizes that the two women’s different styles of game play can be attributed to their own personal life goals.

13) Talks about the two women’s game play. The differences in how they learned to play the game.

14) Concluded on specifics of study.

15) Talks about assumption that women like social interaction in gaming as opposed to violent games.

16) One women in study was drawn to interactions with other characters because it helped her advance through the game.

17) The other participant avoided interactions and took quests that didn’t interfere with her own morals.

18) Talked about women’s enjoyment of the game. Gives theory on why.

19) Explains gendered assumption why women do not like violent video games.

20) Introduces the two women’s approach to combat in the role-playing games.

21) One woman’s approach was to use cheat codes to assure victory. She enjoyed the combat and the rewards, in the game, that it yielded.

22) Other woman became proud of her success as a fighter.

23) How the women felt that fighting was an important piece of mastering and advancing through the game.

24) Guidelines for making female friendly video games.

25) Do not use stereotypes in making a game

26) Do not assume that all women have same likes and dislikes.

27) Make tutorials immersive so new gamers can learn to play the game and are interested in playing the actual game.

28) Games should be made with an array of different elements. e.g. social networking and combat.

29) Make networking for the game accessible so new players can learn finer points of the game.

30) Conclusion. integrating different elements to make successful games that appeal to women.

I am not sure about the lit. review. This article also doesn’t seem to have one. She has citations in the paper but at no point is there a chunk of writing devoted to published writing on the subject. To me, the introduction seems boring. She is setting up to talk about her question but I don’t think she is really pulling the reader into the article. I think she is giving enough information in the introduction to make the reader ask his questions and to make him continue in hopes of answering them.

• The purpose of the paper is to understand how and why women play video games. Or why they don’t. Also to understand how a woman learns how to play a new video game. Para (3).
• Hayes wants to unearth what differences there are between men and women and their video game habits. Also how women act and feel while playing video games so that the games can later be used as teaching tools. Para (3).
• The main research question is “what are women’s feeling towards video games and how can video games be better designed to attract female players?” Para (3).
• Hayes research method was to watch two women play a particular game and record their actions. Also she interviewed them about their experiences. Paras (9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, &23).
• She turned her results from the study into a list of ways to make video games more female friendly. Paras (25-29).
• Her conclusion was to integrate both, what is believed to be, male and female aspects of games. This way make the game more exciting to new female players. Para (30).

Fleming, Grace. (2010).  The Introductory Paragraph. Retrieved February 17, 2010 from http://homeworktips.about.com/od/paperassignments/a/introsentece.htm.

The University of North Carolina tell the reader that the introductory paragraph is used to place the audience in the right frame of mind to read the paper. It will help them prepare to understand the argument of the paper. It will also let the audience know if the paper will be dry and boring, or if the correct amount of information is being used. It suggests that the introductory paragraph be written last. The author will know what to include in it and also what kind of tone to use.

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Writing Center. (2007). Introductions. Retrieved February 17, 2010, from http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcwebs/handouts/introductions.html